"Message in a Bottle" - Complete Song Analysis

Professional breakdown of The Police's Message in a Bottle with theory, technique, and equipment analysis

Message in a Bottle

by The Police

Album: Reggatta de Blanc

Released: 1979

Genre: New Wave / Post-Punk

Difficulty Analysis

Overall

Intermediate

Rhythm

Intermediate

Lead

Intermediate

Bass

Intermediate

Musical Analysis

Key & Tonality

Primary Key:C# minor
Mode:Aeolian (Natural Minor)
Relative Minor:C# minor (is the primary key)
Key Signature:4 sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#)

Song Structure

Tempo:150 BPM
Duration:4:50
Tuning:Standard (EADGBE)
Genre:New Wave / Post-Punk

Understanding C# minor:

C# minor has a darker, more introspective character. The Aeolian (Natural Minor) mode creates tension and emotion. This key is perfect for expressing melancholy or aggressive themes in rock music.

Pro Tip: Practice the scales and chord progressions in this key to internalize its unique character and improve your improvisation.

Primary Chords Used

XOO321
C#m(add9)
XOO321
A(add9)
XOO321
B(add9)
XOO321
F#m(add9)
XOO321
A
XOO321
B
XOO321
C#m
XOO321
F#m

Scale Patterns in C# minor

C# natural minor (Aeolian)

Notes: C# - D# - E - F# - G# - A - B - C#

Application: Primary harmonic framework for the chord progressions and arpeggiated patterns

Fretboard Pattern
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
E
B
G
D
A
E
E
E
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C# (Root)
D#
D#
E
E
B
B
C#
C# (Root)
D#
D#
E
E
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C# (Root)
D#
D#
E
E
F#
F#
D#
D#
E
E
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C# (Root)
A
A
B
B
C#
C# (Root)
D#
D#
E
E
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
E
E
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C# (Root)
D#
D#
E
E
Root Note
Scale Notes
• Hover over notes for details

Chord Progressions

Main Progression

i(add9) - VI(add9) - VII(add9) - iv(add9)

The signature Andy Summers progression using add9 voicings that create a shimmering, open sound distinct from standard bar chords

Theory Insight:

This progression creates a specific harmonic movement that defines the song's emotional character. Understanding the relationship between these chords helps in improvisation and songwriting.

Chord Shapes Used:

XOO321

C#m(add9)

XOO321

A(add9)

XOO321

B(add9)

XOO321

F#m(add9)

Harmonic Functions:

  • C#m (i):Tonic minor center with add9 creating an open, atmospheric quality
  • A (VI):Major sixth degree providing warmth and lift in the minor key
  • B (VII):Flattened seventh creating forward motion and rock character

Key Techniques

Add9 Chord Arpeggios

Intermediate

Andy Summers' signature technique of arpeggiated add9 chord voicings, using open strings and unusual fingerings to create a shimmering, ringing guitar texture unlike standard chord strumming

Uses chords:

C#m(add9)A(add9)B(add9)F#m(add9)

See chord diagrams in the Chord Reference section above

Progression:

C#m(add9) - A(add9) - B(add9) - F#m(add9)

Tips:

  • The add9 voicings use open strings where possible for the ringing quality
  • Practice each chord shape individually before connecting them
  • Use a clean tone with chorus effect to approximate Summers' sound
  • Right hand pattern must stay absolutely consistent - use a metronome

Precise Right-Hand Picking

Intermediate

Fast, consistent alternate picking technique required to maintain the arpeggiated pattern at 150 BPM, demanding precise right-hand control and endurance

Uses chords:

C#m(add9)A(add9)B(add9)F#m(add9)

See chord diagrams in the Chord Reference section above

Progression:

Continuous arpeggio pattern over the chord progression

Tips:

  • Use a thin to medium pick (0.60-0.80mm) for speed and flexibility
  • Keep the wrist loose and pivot from the wrist rather than the elbow
  • Practice at 100 BPM first and slowly increase speed
  • Take breaks if the right hand or forearm becomes tense

Chorus Chord Strumming

Intermediate

Transition from the arpeggiated verse pattern to fuller strummed chords in the chorus, requiring a shift in right-hand technique and dynamic level

Uses chords:

ABC#mF#m

See chord diagrams in the Chord Reference section above

Progression:

A - B - C#m - A - B - F#m

Tips:

  • Practice the transition from arpeggio to strum to make it seamless
  • Increase strumming dynamics noticeably for the chorus contrast
  • The chorus should feel like an energy release after the controlled verse
  • Use barre chord shapes for the chorus if open voicings feel too thin

Practice Exercises

Scale and technique exercises in the key of C# minor. Practice these patterns to build the skills needed for this song.

Intro

0:00-0:25

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

The arpeggiated add9 chord pattern that establishes the songthe iconic vocal hook jangly guitar tone

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

  • Guitar enters alone with the arpeggiated pattern before bass and drums join
  • Clean tone with chorus effect for the characteristic shimmer
  • Each chord rings into the next for harmonic overlap

Verse

0:25-1:15

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

Verse continues the arpeggiated pattern with full band accompaniment, Sting's vocal melody riding over the rhythmic guitar texture

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

  • Same arpeggiated pattern continues under the vocals
  • Bass and drums create a driving rhythmic foundation underneath
  • Guitar must remain consistent and steady as the rhythmic anchor

Pre-Chorus

1:15-1:35

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

Building section with altered chord progression creating harmonic tension leading into the chorus release

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

  • Progression shifts to build anticipation for the chorus
  • Dynamics may increase slightly through the pre-chorus
  • Same arpeggiated technique maintains continuity

Chorus

1:35-2:10

Chord Voicing Exercise

The dynamic release of the chorus with fuller strummed chords replacing the arpeggio pattern, supporting the signature vocal hook

Chord Voicing Exercise

  • Full chord strumming replaces the arpeggiated pattern
  • Significant dynamic increase for the chorus impact
  • the signature hook is the song's most memorable moment

Outro

3:40-4:50

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

Extended outro with the arpeggiated pattern repeating as the vocal improvises over the progression, creating a hypnotic conclusion

Arpeggio Fingerpicking Exercise

  • Returns to the arpeggiated pattern for an extended outro
  • Vocal improvisation and the iconic vocal hook repetitions over the pattern
  • Creates a hypnotic, cyclical feel as the song builds to conclusion

Equipment & Tone

Guitar

Recommended:

Fender Telecaster

Pickup Type:

Single coils for bright, clear arpeggiated tone

Amplifier

Settings:

Gain: 3/10

Treble: 7/10

Middle: 5/10

Bass: 4/10

Presence: 6/10

Effects

Distortion:

None for verses - clean tone is essential for the arpeggiated sections

Reverb:

Short plate reverb for ambience without muddying the arpeggios

Other:

Chorus effect (Boss CE-1 or similar) for the shimmering tone, flanger for select passages, compression for even note volume

Learning Path

Getting Started with Message in a Bottle

Time Estimate: 2-4 weeks

  • Learn basic A minor, E minor, and D minor chord shapes
  • Practice simple arpeggiated picking across chord strings
  • Work on right-hand alternate picking at slow tempos
  • Develop finger independence for add9 chord shapes

Mastering the Add9 Arpeggios

Time Estimate: 4-8 weeks

  • Learn all four add9 chord voicings with open strings
  • Practice the arpeggiated pattern at gradually increasing tempos
  • Work on smooth chord transitions while maintaining the arpeggio
  • Master the transition from arpeggiated verse to strummed chorus

Full Performance at Tempo

Time Estimate: 6-10 weeks

  • Play the complete song at full 150 BPM tempo
  • Develop right-hand endurance for the constant arpeggio pattern
  • Add chorus and flanger effects for authentic Summers tone
  • Perform the complete arrangement with dynamic verse-chorus contrast

Practice Notes

Common Mistakes

  • Picking pattern becoming uneven at the fast 150 BPM tempo
  • Not allowing open strings to ring freely in the add9 voicings
  • Losing the arpeggio rhythm during chord transitions
  • Making the chorus too similar in dynamics to the verse - contrast is essential

Practice Routine

  • Warm up with basic alternate picking exercises on single strings
  • Practice each add9 chord shape individually with the arpeggio pattern
  • Work on chord-to-chord transitions at 100 BPM before increasing speed
  • Practice the verse-to-chorus dynamic transition repeatedly
  • Play along with the original recording for tempo and feel reference

Focus Areas

  • Right-hand alternate picking speed and consistency at 150 BPM
  • Clean add9 chord voicings with open strings ringing clearly
  • Chord transition smoothness while maintaining the arpeggio pattern
  • Dynamic contrast between arpeggiated verses and strummed choruses

Metronome Work

  • Start the arpeggio pattern at 100 BPM with sixteenth-note subdivisions
  • Increase by 5 BPM increments until reaching full tempo at 150 BPM
  • Practice chord changes with quarter-note clicks to lock in the groove
  • Work on endurance by playing the full arpeggio pattern for 4-5 minutes continuously

Explore Related Content

Theory Connections

🎼

Dorian Mode

intermediate
🎼

Harmonic Minor Scale

intermediate
🎼

Lydian Mode

intermediate
🎼

Mixolydian Mode

intermediate

Practice Exercises

🎯

Improvising with Arpeggios

Song Lessons

🎵