"Back in Black" - Complete Song Analysis

Professional breakdown of AC/DC's Back in Black with theory, technique, and equipment analysis

Back in Black

by AC/DC

Album: Back in Black

Released: 1980

Genre: Hard Rock

Difficulty Analysis

Overall

Intermediate

Rhythm

Intermediate

Lead

Intermediate

Bass

Beginner

Musical Analysis

Key & Tonality

Primary Key:E major
Mode:Ionian (Major)
Relative Minor:C# minor
Key Signature:4 sharps (F#, C#, G#, D#)

Song Structure

Tempo:93 BPM
Duration:4:14
Tuning:Standard (EADGBE)
Genre:Hard Rock

Understanding E major:

E major has a bright, uplifting character typical of major keys. The Ionian (Major) mode gives it a stable, resolved feeling. This key works well for anthemic rock songs and creates a powerful, confident mood.

Pro Tip: These keys utilize open strings on guitar, making them ideal for powerful, ringing chords. The open strings add natural sustain and harmonic richness.

Primary Chords Used

OXXXX2
E5
XXOXX2
D5
XOXXX2
A5
XXXX13
B5
XXXX13
G5

Scale Patterns in E major

E major scale

Notes: E - F# - G# - A - B - C# - D# - E

Application: Primary harmonic foundation for chord progressions

Fretboard Pattern
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
E
B
G
D
A
E
E
E (Root)
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C#
D#
D#
E
E (Root)
B
B
C#
C#
D#
D#
E
E (Root)
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C#
D#
D#
E
E (Root)
F#
F#
D#
D#
E
E (Root)
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C#
A
A
B
B
C#
C#
D#
D#
E
E (Root)
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
E
E (Root)
F#
F#
G#
G#
A
A
B
B
C#
C#
D#
D#
E
E (Root)
Root Note
Scale Notes
• Hover over notes for details

Chord Progressions

Main Progression

I - ♭VII - IV - I

Classic AC/DC progression using ♭VII chord for rock edge and tension-release

Theory Insight:

These borrowed chords from the parallel minor key add darker, more dramatic colors to the progression. This modal interchange is common in rock and metal music.

Chord Shapes Used:

OXXXX2

E5

XXOXX2

D5

XOXXX2

A5

Harmonic Functions:

  • E5 (I):Establishes strong tonic center in E major
  • D5 (♭VII):Borrowed from E minor, creates classic rock character
  • A5 (IV):Provides subdominant movement and harmonic contrast

Key Techniques

Downstroke Power Chords

Intermediate

Essential AC/DC technique using exclusively downstrokes for power chords to achieve the characteristic attack and sustain

Uses chords:

E5D5A5B5G5

See chord diagrams in the Chord Reference section above

Progression:

E5 - D5 - A5 - E5 (Main Riff)

Tips:

  • Practice slowly to build stamina and consistency
  • Focus on the low E and A strings for power chord foundation
  • Keep unused strings slightly muted to avoid noise
  • Build up speed gradually to maintain clean attack

I-♭VII-IV Progression

Beginner

Classic rock progression using the characteristic ♭VII chord (D major in key of E) that defines the AC/DC sound

Uses chords:

E5D5A5

See chord diagrams in the Chord Reference section above

Progression:

I - ♭VII - IV - I in E Major

Tips:

  • Practice chord changes slowly at first
  • Focus on clean transitions between power chords
  • Use minimal finger movement between changes
  • Keep the same picking hand rhythm throughout

Simple Lead Lines

Intermediate

Pentatonic-based melodic phrases that complement the rhythm guitar without overcomplicating the arrangement

Progression:

Over E5 - A5 verse progression

Tips:

  • Less is more - don't overplay
  • Focus on tone quality over complexity
  • Practice bends to reach exact pitch
  • Listen to original for phrase placement

Practice Exercises

Scale and technique exercises in the key of E major. Practice these patterns to build the skills needed for this song.

Main Riff

0:00-0:16

Power Chord Movement Exercise

The iconic opening riff that establishes the song's energy and showcases the I-♭VII-IV-I progression

Power Chord Movement Exercise

  • Four quarter notes per chord
  • All downstrokes with consistent attack
  • Clean power chord voicings

Verse

0:16-0:47

Power Chord Movement Exercise

Verse section with simple I-IV movement providing space for lead guitar phrases

Power Chord Movement Exercise

  • Simplified chord progression for vocal space
  • Lead guitar adds melodic elements over rhythm
  • Maintains downstroke consistency

Chorus

0:47-1:03

Alternate Picking Exercise

Return of the main riff with full intensity and the characteristic I-♭VII-IV-I progression

Alternate Picking Exercise

  • Identical to main riff with full band intensity
  • Emphasizes the ♭VII chord tension and release
  • Peak energy section of the song

Bridge

2:15-2:31

Power Chord Movement Exercise

Bridge section with descending power chord movement creating tension before return to main theme

Power Chord Movement Exercise

  • Descending sequence builds tension
  • Higher register power chords for contrast
  • Leads back to familiar E5 resolution

Equipment & Tone

Guitar

Recommended:

Gibson SG Standard

Pickup Type:

Humbuckers for thick, sustained power chord tone

Alternatives:

Amplifier

Settings:

Gain: 7-8 (natural tube overdrive)

Treble: 7 (bright, cutting tone)

Middle: 6-7 (present mids for power chords)

Bass: 4-5 (tight low end)

Presence: 8 (cut through mix)

Effects

Distortion:

None - natural amp overdrive only

Reverb:

Natural amp reverb

Other:

No effects pedals - pure guitar and amp tone

Learning Path

Time Estimate: 2-4 weeks with regular practice

  • Master E5, A5, and D5 power chord shapes
  • Practice downstroke technique slowly
  • Learn the main riff chord progression
  • Work on clean chord transitions

Time Estimate: 4-6 weeks for solid performance

  • Build stamina for consistent downstrokes
  • Practice at full tempo (93 BPM)
  • Add bridge section power chords
  • Work on dynamic control between sections

Time Estimate: 6-8 weeks for complete mastery

  • Learn simple lead guitar phrases
  • Master whole-step bending technique
  • Achieve authentic amp tone settings
  • Combine rhythm and lead playing

Practice Notes

Common Mistakes

  • Using upstrokes instead of consistent downstrokes
  • Over-palm muting the power chords
  • Playing too fast initially without building stamina
  • Not maintaining consistent attack strength

Practice Routine

  • Warm up with simple E5 downstrokes for 5 minutes
  • Practice chord changes slowly: E5-D5-A5-E5
  • Build tempo gradually from 60 BPM to 93 BPM
  • Work on stamina with extended downstroke practice

Focus Areas

  • Downstroke consistency and power
  • Clean power chord voicings
  • Rhythm precision and timing
  • Stamina building for sustained downstrokes

Metronome Work

  • Start at 60 BPM with simple downstrokes
  • Gradually increase to 93 BPM (song tempo)
  • Practice chord changes with metronome
  • Work on maintaining consistent timing throughout song

Explore Related Content

Theory Connections

📐

Perfect 5th Interval

🎼

Dorian Mode

intermediate
🎼

Harmonic Minor Scale

intermediate
🎼

Lydian Mode

intermediate

Song Lessons

🎵

Power Chords

🎵

Rock Lead Guitar Techniques

🎵

Classic Rock Riffs

🎵